Zero@Steel
Green Steel Production · by Zero@Ecosystem
Annual Steel Production
2.4M tons
+8% vs 2024 (2.22M tons)
CO₂ Intensity
1.45 tCO₂/t
Industry avg: 1.85 tCO₂/t steel
Scrap Utilization Rate
42%
Target: 50% by 2027
Green Steel Capacity
18%
H2-DRI + EAF production

🏭 Steel Production Process Flow

⛏️
Iron Ore Mining
0.12 tCO₂/t
🔥
Blast Furnace
1.80 tCO₂/t
⚗️
Basic Oxygen
0.08 tCO₂/t
🔨
Continuous Cast
0.05 tCO₂/t
🏗️
Rolling Mill
0.15 tCO₂/t
🔥 Blast Furnace Route (BF-BOF)
1,968,000 t/year
82% of production | 1.85 tCO₂/t steel
Primary route using iron ore, coke, and limestone
⚡ Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)
360,000 t/year
15% of production | 0.45 tCO₂/t steel
Scrap-based route with renewable electricity
💚 Hydrogen DRI-EAF (Green Steel)
72,000 t/year
3% of production | 0.15 tCO₂/t steel
Direct Reduced Iron with green hydrogen

📊 Production Mix & Emissions Breakdown

Primary Steel (BF-BOF)
1,968,000 tons (82%)
BF-BOF CO₂ Emissions
3,640,800 tCO₂
Secondary Steel (EAF)
360,000 tons (15%)
EAF CO₂ Emissions
162,000 tCO₂
Green Steel (H2-DRI)
72,000 tons (3%)
H2-DRI CO₂ Emissions
10,800 tCO₂
Total Annual CO₂ Emissions
3,813,600 tCO₂
Average Intensity
1.59 tCO₂/t
Blast Furnace #1
BF-BOF Route | 1,200 m³
Running
Capacity
5,500 t/day
Today's Output
5,180 tons
Temperature
1,480°C
Utilization
94.2%
Iron Ore Feed
8,600 t/day
Coke Consumption
1,760 t/day
Blast Air Flow
2,850 Nm³/min
Slag Generation
1,240 t/day
Electric Arc Furnace #3
EAF Route | 120 MVA
Running
Capacity
1,200 t/day
Today's Output
1,150 tons
Power Draw
108 MW
Utilization
95.8%
Scrap Steel Input
1,280 t/day
Energy per ton
380 kWh/t
Tap-to-Tap Time
48 minutes
Renewable Energy
65%
H2-DRI Plant
Hydrogen Direct Reduction | Green Steel
Running
Capacity
250 t/day
Today's Output
232 tons DRI
H2 Consumption
52 kg H2/t
Utilization
92.8%
Iron Ore Pellets
380 t/day
Green H2 Source
100% renewable
Metallization Rate
94%
Process Temperature
850°C
Blast Furnace #2
BF-BOF Route | 1,400 m³
Maintenance
Maintenance Type
Hot Reline
Start Date
Nov 5, 2025
Est. Completion
Dec 20, 2025
Progress
32%
Campaign Completed
6.8 years
Total Production
13.2M tons
Downtime Cost
€2.8M/week
Restart Target
Dec 22, 2025

🏭 Primary Steel Production: BF-BOF Route

Traditional integrated steelmaking: Blast Furnace (iron production) + Basic Oxygen Furnace (steel production)

Raw Materials
Iron ore, coke, limestone
Process Temperature
1,450-1,550°C
CO₂ Intensity
1.85 tCO₂/t
Quality
Consistent, high purity
Main CO₂ Sources:
• Coke combustion in blast furnace (75%)
• Chemical reduction of iron ore (20%)
• Limestone decomposition (5%)

⚡ Secondary Steel Production: EAF Route

Electric Arc Furnace: Melting scrap steel with electricity (ideal for circular economy)

Raw Materials
Scrap steel (80-100%)
Energy Source
Electricity (65% renewable)
CO₂ Intensity
0.45 tCO₂/t
Energy Consumption
380 kWh/t steel
Advantages:
• 75% lower CO₂ emissions vs BF-BOF
• Uses recycled scrap (circular economy)
• Flexible production capacity
• Can use 100% renewable electricity

💚 Green Steel: H2-DRI + EAF Route

Hydrogen Direct Reduced Iron: Using green hydrogen instead of coke for iron ore reduction

Raw Materials
Iron ore pellets, green H2
Process Temperature
800-900°C
CO₂ Intensity
0.15 tCO₂/t
H2 Consumption
52 kg H2/t DRI
🌟 Game Changer:
• 92% CO₂ reduction vs BF-BOF
• Only byproduct: Water (H2O)
• Scalable with renewable energy growth
• Premium "green steel" certification
💚 Green Hydrogen Production
45 MW
Electrolyzer capacity | 12 tons H2/day
On-site PEM electrolyzers powered by wind + solar
☀️ Renewable Energy Mix
48%
Wind 28% | Solar 15% | Hydro 5%
Target: 100% renewable by 2030
🔥 Carbon Capture (CCUS)
125,000 t/year
Pilot plant capturing BF emissions
15% of BF emissions captured and stored
♻️ Circular Steel Economy
98%
Steel recyclability rate
Closed-loop system: steel → product → scrap → steel
🔋 Energy Storage
85 MWh
Battery systems for load balancing
Smooths intermittent renewable energy
🌡️ Waste Heat Recovery
240 GWh/year
Energy recovered from furnaces
Powers district heating + process steam

🚀 Decarbonization Roadmap

2024 Baseline
1.85 tCO₂/t steel
2025 Current
1.59 tCO₂/t (-14%)
2028 Target: Increase EAF to 30%
1.35 tCO₂/t (-27%)
2030 Target: H2-DRI at 15%
1.05 tCO₂/t (-43%)
2035 Target: 50% Green Steel
0.65 tCO₂/t (-65%)
2045 Goal: Net-Zero Steel
0.05 tCO₂/t (-97%)
Total Annual Emissions
3.81M tCO₂
From 2.4M tons steel production
Industry Comparison
-14%
Better than avg (1.85 tCO₂/t)
Scope 1: Direct Emissions
3,640,800 tCO₂
95.5% of total | BF coke combustion
Scope 2: Purchased Energy
145,200 tCO₂
3.8% of total | Grid electricity
Scope 3: Value Chain
27,600 tCO₂
0.7% of total | Transport + upstream

📉 Emission Reduction Initiatives

✓ Increased EAF capacity to 15%
-285,000 tCO₂/year
✓ Renewable electricity 48%
-142,500 tCO₂/year
✓ H2-DRI pilot plant operational
-122,400 tCO₂/year
✓ Waste heat recovery improved
-38,000 tCO₂/year
⏳ CCUS pilot expanding
-125,000 tCO₂/year (planned)
⏳ BF optimization program
-95,000 tCO₂/year (in progress)